Search Results - Sumatra
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Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). Sumatra was known in ancient times by the Sanskrit names of Swarnadwipa ("Island of Gold") and Swarnabhumi ("Land of Gold"), due likely to the gold deposits of island's highlands.[1] Arab geographers referred to the island as Lamri (Lamuri, Lambri or Ramni) in the 10-13th centuries, in reference to a kingdom near modern day Banda Aceh which was the first landfall for traders. Late in the 14th century the name Sumatra became popular, in reference to the kingdom of Samudra which was a rising power. European writers in the 19th century found that the indigenous inhabitants did not have a name for the island.[2] People who spoke Austronesian languages first arrived in Sumatra around 500 BCE, as part of the Austronesian expansion from Taiwan to Southeast Asia. With its location in the India-China sea trade route, several trading towns flourished, especially in the eastern coast, and were influenced by Indian religions. One of the earliest known kingdoms was Kantoli, which flourished in the 5th century AD in southern Sumatra. Kantoli was replaced by the Empire of Srivijaya and then later by the Kingdom of Samudra. Srivijaya was a Buddhist monarchy centered in what is now Palembang. Dominating the region through trade and conquest throughout the 7th to 9th centuries, the Empire helped spread the Malay culture throughout Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and western Borneo. The empire was a thalassocracy, or maritime power that extended its influence from island to island. Palembang was a center for scholarly learning, and it was there the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim I Ching studied Sanskrit in 671 CE before departing for India. On his journey to China he spent four years in Palembang translating Buddhist texts and writing two manuscripts. Srivijayan influence waned in the 11th century after it was defeated by the Chola Empire of southern India. Sumatra was then subject to conquests from Javanese kingdoms, first Singhasari and subsequently Majapahit. At the same time Islam made its way to Sumatra, spreading through contacts with Arabs and Indian traders.
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Showing 1 to 10 of 10 Articles matching 'Sumatra' in related articles. |
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1. AN ACTIVE VOLCANO( BARREN ISLAND)
August 20, 2008
Disbelief registers quickly on most people’s faces when I tell them that India has an active volcano. Well, the truth is that India does have volcanoes. And, historically, the most active volcano along the volcanic arc extending between Sumatra and Burma is India’s very own Barren Island. With reported eruptions dating back to 1787, we have known the volcano’s existence for centuries. However, inaccessibility and limited, poorly publicized research has long rendered the island an enigma unto itself. Barren Island is located 135 km northeast of the Andaman Islands’ capital city of Port Blair.... (read more)
Author: JASSI KAUR
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2. Sumatran Tiger
May 29, 2008
Panthera Tigris Sumatrae, the Sumatran Tiger weighs in the range of two hundred and fifty to three hundred pounds for males and one hundred and sixty to two hundred pounds for adult females. Length is about seven and a half feet for males and six and a half feet for females. Body color is darker than other tiger variants and stripes are narrower. Face and neck is characterized by marked growth of hair, giving the appearance of a mane. Paws have webbing between toes that enables the big cat to swim at quite a rapid pace. An inhabitant of dense lowland and mountain forests, swamps and peat ... (read more)
Author: Omer Ashraf
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3. Windmill site selection using Remote Sensing and GIS - A case Study in Andaman India
May 15, 2008
1. INTRODUCTION The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are the summits of a submarine mountain range lying on the great tectonic suture zone that extends from the eastern Himalayas to the Arakan along the Myanmar border and finally to Sumatra and lesser Sundaes. This archipelago consists of a group of 572 islands, islets and rock outcrops, but there are a total of 352 important islands comprising the main chain of Andaman and Nicobar, Ritches Archipelago and the out laying volcanic islands of Narcondam and Barren. The islands are spread over an area of 8,249 sq.km, of which 6,408 sq. km of area is... (read more)
Author: Stesalit Inc.
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4. Indonesian Surf Travel - Mentawai Islands Boat Trip
November 20, 2007
In April of 2006 I set off on a 16 day trip with a couple of friends to the Mentawai Islands off the west coast of Sumatra. Leading up to the trip I did alot of research on how to prepare for the unknown. The trip was virtually charter boat based with only a couple days on land at the beginning and end of the trip. Granted, on-board accomodations were plush by local standards. Still, I wanted to be prepared.
Some important things to pack are light cotton long sleeve shirts and pants, a couple wide brim hats (the sun is intense along the equator). Plenty of waterproof sunblock; 50 spf woul... (read more)
Author: Greg Campbell
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5. Fishing Cat
October 12, 2007
Fishing Cat is another unique example of the great abilities and diversities of the cat family. Found in a range extending from Indochina, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra and Java it inhabits mainly water bound areas including rivers, mangrove swamps, creeks and thickets up to a height of five thousand feet. Somewhat similar to other wild cats of this size, the Fishing Cat has a broad head, short tail and sturdy built. Coat is marked by dark spots that may form stripes over spine. Ears are short and round while the nose is of a flattened appearance. Feet are somewhat webbed that enabl... (read more)
Author: Omer Ashraf
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6. Bornean Clouded Leopard
October 12, 2007
Bornean Clouded Leopard has lived on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra for hundreds of thousands of years and yet was only recently recognized as a separate species. Called 'Neofelis Diardi' the cat is now believed to be different from the mainland clouded leopard 'Neofelis Nebulosa'. The difference was established after a detailed chromosomal analysis whereby enough contrast was found with the clouded leopard to stop considering it as its subspecies. In fact the extent of genetic variation was similar to what is found in DNA of other big cats. To a keen eye the difference is easily appre... (read more)
Author: Omer Ashraf
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7. Seven Types of Paragraph Development
October 03, 2007
Exposition This family was a victim of a problem they could have avoided-a problem that, according to Florida park rangers, hundreds of visitors suffer each year. "Several times a month," ranger Rod Torres of O'Leno State Park said, "people get scared and leave the park in the middle of the night." Those people picked the wrong kind of park to visit. Not that there was anything wrong with the park: The hikers camped next to them loved the wild isolation of it. But it just wasn't the kind of place the couple from New Jersey had in mind when they decided to cam... (read more)
Author: John Chlark Sumatra
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8. Harlequin fish care and aquariums
December 06, 2006
How to upkeep freshwater fish
Harlequin fish or Rasbora Heteromorpha groups come from Thailand, Sumatra, and the Malayas. The fish are smaller breeds, which grow around 1 ¾ inches in size. Harlequin fish is one of the aquarium keeper’s favorites, since the fish have colorful figures. The fish are shaped like wedges, which blue-black shades setoff its rosy pink and violet forms. Harlequin fish are easily trained; as well, the fish do well in communal tanks. The species however are beautiful formed and colored that residing in a sole tank could produce natural effects to your home area. ... (read more)
Author: John Ugoshowa
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9. Brachydanio fish care and aquariums
December 06, 2006
How to
Brachydanio Albolineatus, Rerio, Nigrofasciatus, etc, are common aquarium fishes, which the Brachydanio Albolineatus is commonly named the Gold Danio or Pearl Danio. Danio comes from Sumatra or India and grows 2 inches in size. This slim Jim fish has a reasonably pressed figure, which its shimmering body makes it the “Mother of Pearls,” look-alike. Brachydanio Albolineatus come in a variety of colors, including blue, green, red, yellow, etc. The fish is calm and quiet in nature, and lives well in communal tanks. The Danio is one of the smarter fishes, which prefers to live in pl... (read more)
Author: John Ugoshowa
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10. Barbs in Fish Care and Aquariums
December 06, 2006
How to
Tiger barbs, Rosy barbs, Red Barbs, and Sumatra barbs are various types of freshwater fish that are easiest to breed and maintain. However, the larger barbs are best suited with fish of their own size. The larger barbs will steer up trouble in communal tanks, as well as uproot your fancy plants. It seems the larger barbs demand more attention than the smaller barbs; therefore, the barbs should be grouped and separated.
The Black Ruby and Purple Head Barbs come from Ceylon. The fish grow around 2 ½ inches in size and live well in communal tanks. The female barbs produce col... (read more)
Author: John Ugoshowa
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